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HOREHOUND

Marrubium vulgare L

Description

It’s a perennial herbaceous plant. Stem is white, woolly, quadrangular and hard with erect or ascending simple and stellate hairs. It can grow up to 1 m in height, but it is shorter most of the time. Leaves are woolly petioles of 0.5 to 3.5 cm long; the upper ones are sub-sessile with a slightly oval-shaped or orbicular limb of 1.5-5 cm long by 1-5 cm wide. Apex is obtuse or rounded with crenate border, downy, mainly at the back. Inflorescence are small, grouped in axillary verticillasters, sub-globose of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter, with plenty of flowers. Bractlets are shorter than the calyx with a curved apex. Calyx is tubular, 10-toothed of 3-7 mm long, teeth have hook-shaped thorns. Corolla is white, of 5-8 mm long, enclosed by the calyx; subulate filaments, diverging anthers. Style is of 3 to 6 mm long, oval-shaped mericarps, dark brown of about 2.5 mm long, finely granular. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family (Labiatae).

It grows in waste places, at roadsides, open fields, pastures. The plant grows in mild-warm weather and rather dry with a rainfall of 280-650 mm per year. White horehound resists almost all kind of soil, preferably dry, sandy and stony ground, as long as it is light and not those of compact clay.

Stems and leaves harvesting is carried out between May and September, cutting stems at 10 cm of the ground; in October a second cut can be made.

Part used

Leaves and flower apex.

Indications

Internal use

  • Pulmonary disorders: bronchitis, asthma, colds, flu, etc.
  • Digestives alterations: lack of appetite, slow digestion, flatulence, aerophagia, diarrhea, constipation, etc.
  • All kinds of fever: infectious or intestinal, colibacillosis, typhus, malaria, brucellosis, etc.
  • In tachycardia and arrhythmia, it is used along with hawthorn.
  • Genitourinary disorders: cystitis, urethritis, uretheritis, pyelonephritis, oliguria, urolithiasis, etc.
  • Hyperazotemia, hyperuricemia, gout.
  • Arterial hypertension.
  • Edema.
  •  Overweight with water retention.

External use

  • Stomatitis, pharyngitis.
  • Skin lesions, skin ulcers.

Bibliography

- Schlemper V, Ribas A, Nicolau M, Cechinel Filho. Antispasmodic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Marrubium vulgare on isolated tissues. Phytomedicine, 1996; 3(2):211-216.

- De Jesus RA, Cechinel-Filho V, Oliveira AE, Schlemper V. Analysis of the antinociceptive properties of marrubiin isolated from Marrubium vulgare. Phytomedicine, 2000; 7(2):111-5.

- Nawwar MAM,El-Mousallamy AMD, Barakat HH, Buddrus J, Linscheid M. Flavonoid lactates from leaves of Marrubium vulgare. Phytochemistry, 1989; 28 (11):3201-3206.

- Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia e Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 921-5.

- Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. Les Plantes dans la Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 280-1.

- Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales des Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp.328-9.

- British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Vol. I. Bournemouth, Dorset: British Herbal Medical Association, 1990, pp. 84-5.

- Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica y Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 295.

- Fernández, M; Nieto, A. Plantas Medicinales. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 1982, p. 115.

- Lastra, JJ; Bachiller, LI. Plantas Medicinales en Asturias y la Cornisa Cantábrica. Gijón: Ediciones Trea, 1997, pp. 176-7.

- Le Floc'h, E. Contribution a une Etude Ethnobotanique de la Flore Tunisienne. Imprimerie Officielle de la République Tunisienne, 1983, p. 210-1.

- Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico de la Provincia de Castellón. Castellón: Diputación Provincial, 1991, pp. 275-7.

- Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Tome III. Paris: Masson, 1971, p. 293.

- Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Fitoterapia Aplicada. Valencia: M.I. Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos, 1995, p. 364.

- Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Guía de las Plantas Medicinales de la Comunidad Valenciana. Valencia: Las Provincias, 1996, p.196.

- Van Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 244-5.

- Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Calvo, C; Gómez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinales del Pirineo Aragonés y demás tierrras oscenses. 2ª. Huesca: Diputación Provincial, 1992, p.149.

- Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 317-8.

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