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  3. WILD PANSY or JOHNNY JUMPUP
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WILD PANSY or JOHNNY JUMPUP

Viola tricolor L

Description

Herbaceous, rhizomatous annual plant (one-year life-cycle) that might reach up to 20-30 cm high. Stems are erect, thin, fleshy and ringed and show nodes and internodes that are short in the under part and longer in the upper part. Polymorphic, alternate, elongated leaves with toothed edge. Leaves at the base are heart-shaped and petiolate, while the ones above the stem become narrower and the petiole shortens. Flowers are solitaire, irregular, and sprout one by one from the axil at the upper leaves and are held by a hook-shaped peduncle of 5 to 10 cm long. Petals are wide, velvety in white, yellow, red, purple and most commonly there is a combination of all these colors in each blossom with a pleasant aroma. The flowers of the subspecies arvensis (Murray) Gaud., is characterized by 4 upper yellowish-white petals and a lower dark yellow one with purple spots. In the subspecies vulgaris (Koch) Oborny has 4 purple upper petals and a yellowish-white lower one. The oval-shaped fruit is an obtuse capsule that splits at three points and releases the piriform yellow pear-shaped seeds with a caruncle. It belongs to the Violaceae family.

It is perfectly cultivated in the mountains, roadsides, hedgebanks, wasteways and gardens. It is found throughout Europe, Eastern Asia and North America, from the Arctic to the warm zones. Its blooming depends on the zone where it is located. It is, in the mountains it takes place during the summer, while in the lowlands flowers open late in winter and early spring.

Part used

Floral aerial parts of Viola arvensis Murray and/or Viola tricolor L.

Indications

Internal use

  • Skin disorders: eczema, dermatitis, impetigo, acne, itching, psoriasis, herpes, seborrheic affections, children cradle cap.
  • Respiratory tract disorders: common cold, flu, bronchitis, unproductive cough, pharyngitis.
  • Genitourinary disorders: oliguria, dysuria, urethritis, cystitis, uretheritis, urolithiasis.
  • Edemas, overweight with water retention.
  • Hyperazotemia, hyperuricemia and gout.
  • Rheumatism: arthritis, etc.
  • Allergies.
  • Spasmodic digestive pain.
  • Constipation.
  • Arteriosclerosis, arterial hypertension.

External use

  • Skin disorders: seborrheic dermatitis, acne, itching, exanthematic eruptions, impetigo, infantile eczema, skin ulcers, wounds.
  • Oral ulcerations, stomatitis, parodontopathies.
  • Corneal ulcers, blepharitis, conjunctivitis.
  • Pharyngitis and tonsillitis (gargles)
  • Vaginitis and vulvovaginitis.

Bibliography

- Real Farmacopea Española, 1997.

- British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 1983. Vol. I. Bournemouth, Dorset: British Herbal Medical Association, 1990.

- Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Norman Grainger Bisset (Ed). Max Wichtl. CRC Press.1994.

- Plantas Medicinales y Drogas Vegetales para infusión y tisana. Edición española a cargo de: Salvador Cañogueral, Roser Vila, Max Wichtl.1998.

- Plantas Medicinales. Margarita Fernandez y Ana Nieto. Ed Universidad de Navarra. EUNSA 1982.

- Fitoterapia: Vademecum de Prescripción. Plantas Medicinales. Colaboran: Asociación española de médicos naturistas. Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Vizcaya.

- Matière Médicale (tomo II). RR Paris- H. Moyse. Masson 1981.

- The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Therapeutic Guide To Herbal Medicines. Mark Blumenthal. American Botanical Council 1998.

- Fitoterapia Aplicada. J.B. Peris, G. Stübing, B.Vanaclocha. Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Valencia 1995.

- Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Jean Bruneton. Lavoisier Publishing.

- Plantas Medicinales. El Dioscórides Renovado. Pio Font Quer.

- Guía de Campo de las Flores de Europa. Oleg Polunin. Ediciones Omega S.A. Barcelona, 1977.

- Pharmacognosy 9th edition. Varro E. Tyler – Lynn R. Brady – James E. Robbers.

- Jean Bruneton. Farmacognosia. Fitoquímica Plantas Medicinales. 2ª Edición. 2001. Ed Acribia. S.A.

- Bulletin officiel Nº 90/22 bis" del "Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Solidarité, Médicaments a base de Plantes.

- French Public Health Code.

- Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine, Expanded Commission E Monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Newton. First Edition, 2000.

- Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council and Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998.

- European Scientific Cooperative On Phytotherapy (E.S.C.O.P.). Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Fascicle IV: Ribis nigrum folium. July, 1997.

- Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994.

- Carretero E. Compuestos fenólicos: Flavonoides. Panorama Actual del Medicamento 2000.

- PDR for Herbal Medicines. Medical Economics Company, Montvale Second Edition, 2000.


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